by Georgia Charter Schools Association
By Rae Anne Harkness
Most people have heard about the decline in educational outcomes for boys and young men that have become聽more pronounced in recent years. There has also been聽an increase in research to determine the reasons聽that girls are outperforming their male counterparts. In fact, according to the author of , boys are held back to repeat a grade at twice the rate of girls. They are expelled聽from preschool five times as often and are diagnosed with learning disorders and/or ADHD more than three聽times as often as girls.
I do not believe these outcomes聽have to be the destiny of聽our boys. This is why I chose to enroll my son in a single-gender charter school.
In a typical American classroom, a teacher spends much of her time lecturing. Students are expected to sit still,聽listen, take meticulous notes, and speak only when called on. This type of environment is alien to many聽students, especially boys. Researchers have identified more than聽100聽differences in the structure of male and female brains. We can’t fix these differences with medical prescriptions,聽counseling, or disciplinary protocol. To change the outcome, we must find teachers and schools that meet our聽boys as they are and teach them in ways that they learn best.
According to Michael Gurian, author of , there are several聽brain functions in boys that differ significantly from those in girls. The male brain has more area for spatial-mechanical functioning, while the female brain dominates verbal-emotive processing. Because of the way their聽brains are wired, boys tend to use fewer聽words than girls. Another difference in brain function is in the frontal聽lobe development. This part of the brain, which controls reading, writing and impulse control develops at a later聽age in boys. As a result, many young boys are misdiagnosed with learning disabilities or punished for behavior聽problems.
Another major inconsistency between the brains of boys and girls is in the neural rest state. Boys’聽brains drift into a rest state multiple times each day. Boys often try to fight it by tapping a pencil or ruler or聽talking to another student. If the brain does enter a rest state, some of his brain functioning shuts down. This聽phenomenon does not happen to a significant extent in female students, who tend to remain alert even when聽bored.
A last major difference in brain function between the sexes is in the way the hemispheres of the brain聽communicate. The brains of girls send signals back and forth, making them naturals at multi-tasking. The聽compartmentalized activity in the brains of boys give them laser-like focus to follow a task step by step. If聽interrupted or when too many things are going on at one time, boys may become irritable and start to act out.
These major differences in the way the brains of boys and girls function should create increased demand and聽growth opportunity for new charter schools that offer single-gender learning environments. When single gender聽schools hire motivated, competent teachers and ensure they have adequate training in the best teaching practices聽for boys, the bias of “boy behavior” disappears. The complaints that our boys “won’t sit still, pay attention and do their聽work” can be conquered with simple, specific strategies. A global study published in 2009 collected data for boys in聽the US and five other countries. Included were data from schools of all sizes, both public and private and聽various races and income levels. The study identified the top eight categories of instruction that succeeded in聽the instruction of boys:
1. Lessons that result in a product (model, poem, drawing)
2. Lessons structured as competitive games
3. Lessons requiring motor activity
4. Lessons engaging boys to help others learn
5. Lessons where open questions or problems are addressed
6. Lessons that require both competition and teamwork
7. Lessons that focus on independent discovery and realization
8. Lessons that include drama as a novelty or surprise
The research I did before enrolling my son in a single gender charter school has empowered me to recognize聽that single-gender instructional practices are effective for boys when teachers intentionally use聽them in聽the classroom. Now that my son gets to write about things he is interested in, he comes home eager to read me聽his words. When he read the book, “Because of Winn-Dixie,” which has聽a dog as one of the main characters, he increased his reading speed by more than聽25 words per minute.
Our relationship has grown stronger in the聽time we’ve spent working together on models and projects that he enjoys. Today he marched happily into our聽home singing a song about the parts of speech. If you have a wiggly, giggly, rambunctious young boy of your聽own who is struggling in school, you may want to consider enrolling your son in a single-gender charter school聽as well.
Rae Anne Harkness is a long-time charter school advocate whose son is enrolled at Ivy Preparatory Young Men’s Leadership Academy.
The views and opinions expressed on CharterConfidential聽are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any agency